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小贴士：
补充本篇的背景知识：“court of equity”——衡平法院，在英国是指依据衡平〔equity〕、正义〔justice〕和公平〔fairness〕原则而不是严格的法律原则行使管辖权的法院。
——大橙子留
上期翻译答案
The company’s iPhonescome withits own Lightning charging port, though newer models include cables that can be plugged into a USB-C socket.
该公司的iphone配备了自己的Lightning充电接口，不过新款iphone添加了可以插入USB-C插口的数据线。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
English has lots of words for members of the legal profession. The head of the U.S. Justice Department is the attorney general, and the solicitor general reports to him or her. The president’s lawyer is called the White House counsel, while those who argue cases before the Supreme Court are advocates. All sorts of lawyers can identify themselves asesquires.
英语中有很多描述法律从业人员的词汇。美国司法部的最高领导是总检察长，副检察长向他/她汇报。总统的律师被称为白宫律师，而那些在最高法院辩论案件的人是辩护律师。各种各样的律师都可以自称为乡绅。
According to the American Bar Association, there are 1.3 million lawyers in the United States. That’s more than the number of mechanical engineers, firefighters, and garbage collectors combined. Could thisbountyof litigators be why English has so many different words for lawyer? No, but lawyer jokes have been around since the plays of Aristophanes, circa 400 B.C. We have so many terms for them because of theconvoluteddevelopment of the English and American court systems.
根据美国律师协会的数据，全美有130万名律师。这比机械工程师、消防员和清洁工加起来的总数都多。这么多诉讼律师是英语中有许多称呼律师的不同词汇的原因吗？并非如此，但是从公元前400年左右的阿里斯托芬的戏剧开始，就已经出现了有关于律师的笑话。我们有这么多关于律师的术语，是因为英美两国发展复杂的法庭系统。
Today, the British legal system divides lawyers into two groups, solicitors and barristers. In the U.S., solicit and itsderivativeshave become disreputable. While it’s still possible innocently to “solicit donations,” the verb istaintedby an association with prostitution, and the noun is rarely used except on door signs that warn “No solicitors,” e.g., no one may knock to sell a product ortout a candidate.
如今，英国的法律体系将律师分为两类，事务律师（solicitors）和出庭律师（barristers）。然而在美国，“推销（solicit）”及其派生词已经声名狼藉。虽然“募集捐款”这个词可能是无辜的例外，但这个动词却与卖淫有了关联，除了在门牌上写着“推销员勿扰”这种情况（例如，任何人不得敲门推销产品或宣传竞选人）该词的名词形式也很少被人使用。
In Britain, solicitors (first used in the 16th century) originally worked only in a particular branch of the legal system, the courts of equity; today they are lawyers who advise clients and arrange settlements “behind the scenes” but don’t argue cases in court.
在英国，事务律师（最初于16世纪开始使用）最初只在法律系统的一个特定分支——衡平法院工作；如今，他们是在“幕后”为客户提供咨询并安排和解，但不会在法庭上辩论案件的律师。
If you have seen pictures of men and women in black robes with white wigs perched precariously over their real hair, those are barristers. Barristers are basically lawyers who take cases to trial, and the only kind authorized to work in Britain’s High Courts. The word originated in the organization of medieval law schools, which had a physical bar that separated novice students from lecturers and more advanced students.
如果你看到过男人女人都穿着黑色长袍，在他们的头发上面摇摇晃晃地戴着白色假发的照片，那些人就是出庭律师。出庭律师基本上是负责审理案件的律师，也是唯一授权可以在英国高等法院工作的律师。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
本文节选自：Christian Science Monitor（基督教科学箴言报）
发布时间：2022.06.20
作者：Melissa Mohr
原文标题：Why does English have so many words for ‘lawyer’?
词汇积累
1.esquire
/ɪˈskwaɪə/
n.先生；绅士
2. bounty
/ˈbaʊntɪ/
n.慷慨；丰富；奖励金；赠款
vt.发给……奖金等；为……而发给赏金
3.convolute
/ˈkɒnvəˌluːt/
v.回旋；盘旋；卷绕
adj.回旋状的；旋绕的
4. derivative
/dɪˈrɪvətɪv/
n. 派生物，衍生物; 派生词; (金融)衍生工具(产品); 导数
adj. 非独创的，模仿他人的; (金融产品)衍生的
5.taint
/teɪnt/
v.污染；玷污；使腐坏
n.腐坏；污染；污点；感染；难闻的气味
词组搭配
1.solicit donations 募集捐款
2.tout a candidate 宣传竞选人
写作句总结
We have so many terms for them because of the convoluted development of the English and American court systems.
结构: We have so many terms for them because of the convoluted development of the ….
我们有这么多关于…的术语，是因为…错综复杂的…
例句: We have so many terms for them because of the convoluted development of the China geosystem.
打卡作业
在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
外刊君为同学们汇总了《2022年1-6月考研时政热点》，戳码回复“时政”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码回复“时政”）
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