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全文字数：1618字
阅读时间：15分钟
上期翻译答案
In a survey in 2021 they said they plan to have an average of 2.01 offspring, a little under the 2.25 average they would ideally have.
在2021年的一项调查中，已婚夫妇表示平均计划生育2.01个孩子，略低于理想状态想要的2.25个孩子。
【联系后文，可以知道这里说的是想要生多少个孩子（觉得几个孩子是最好的）和计划生多少个孩子（准备要生几个孩子）】
《本期内容》
双语阅读
For many people, enjoying a freshly brewed cup of coffee first thing in the morning is a nonnegotiable way to start the day. But the idea thattaking a sipwithout food could harm your gut — or contribute to other ills like bloating,acne, hair loss, anxiety,thyroidissues or painful periods, as some on social media have claimed— has garnered as much popularity as incredulity.
对许多人来说，早上第一件事就是喝一杯鲜煮咖啡，必须这样开启新的一天。但有人说空腹喝咖啡会伤害肠道——或者像一些社交媒体上说的，会导致腹胀、痤疮、脱发、焦虑、甲状腺问题或痛经等其他疾病——这些说法广为流传，但也有不少质疑。
Researchers have been investigating the benefits and harms of drinking coffee, especially as they relate to the gut, since the 1970s, said Kim Barrett, a professor of physiology andmembranebiology at the University of California, Davis School of Medicine, and a member of the governing board of the American Gastroenterological Association. Fortunately, the stomach can withstand all kinds ofirritants, including coffee.
加州大学戴维斯医学院生理学和膜生物学教授、美国胃肠病协会理事会成员金·巴雷特说，自20世纪70年代以来，研究人员一直在调查喝咖啡的好处和坏处，尤其是与肠道相关的方面。幸运的是，胃可以抵御各种刺激物，包括咖啡。
“The stomach has so many ways to protect itself,” Dr. Barrett said. For example, it secretes a thickmucus layerthat creates a powerful shield between the stomach lining and whatever youingest. That shield also protects the stomach from its own natural acidic environment needed to break down food, she explained. You’d have to consume a very harsh substance “for the defenses of the stomach to be breached because it’s constantly in a very adverse and damaging environment,” she said. “That’s just how the stomach does its job.”
“胃有很多方法来保护自己，”巴雷特说。例如，它会分泌一层厚厚的黏液，在胃粘膜和你摄入的任何东西之间形成强大的防护罩。她解释说，这种屏障还可以保护胃免受分解食物所需的自然酸性环境影响。你得摄入一种非常刺激的物质“才能突破胃的防御系统，因为它一直处于非常不利和有害的环境中，”她说。“这就是胃的运作方式。”
Drinking coffee on an empty stomach is unlikely to cause any damage to your stomach, but it could theoretically provoke heartburn, Dr. Barrett said. We know that coffee sets off stomach acid production, but if you have food in your stomach, or if you drink your coffee with milk or creamer, that will aid in creating a buffer that helps to neutralize that acid. So drinking coffee, especially if it’s black, without a meal can reduce the stomach’s pH more than it would if you drank it with milk or with a meal, Dr. Barrett said.
巴雷特表示，空腹喝咖啡不太可能造成胃损伤，但理论上可能引起胃灼热。众所周知，咖啡会促进胃酸的产生，但如果胃中有食物，或在咖啡中加入牛奶或奶精，可以起到缓冲作用，帮助中和胃酸。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
Although a slightly lower pH is no problem for your stomach lining, it could pose an issue for the lining of youresophagusbecause it is far more vulnerable to damage from acid. Furthermore, a few studies have shown that coffee can relax and open thesphincterthat connects the esophagus to the stomach, which hypothetically could allow acid from the stomach to more easily splash upward into the esophagus and cause unpleasant heartburn symptoms. If they consistently notice a burning pain in their chest or a sour taste in their mouth after drinking coffee, they may want to cut down — or consider an antacid.
虽然pH值稍低不会影响胃粘膜，但可能会对食道内壁造成问题，因其更容易受到胃酸损害。此外，一些研究表明，咖啡可以放松并打开连接食道与胃部的括约肌，理论上可能会让胃酸更容易上涌至食道，从而引起令人不适的胃灼热症状。如果在喝咖啡后感到胸部灼痛或嘴里有酸味，可能就需要减少摄入量，或考虑服用解酸药物。
本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）
发布时间：2023.3.3
作者：TRISHA PASRICHA
原文标题：Is It Bad to Drink Coffee on an Empty Stomach?
词汇积累
1.acne
英/ ˈækni /美/ ˈækni /
n.痤疮，粉刺
2.thyroid
英/ ˈθaɪrɔɪd /美/ ˈθaɪrɔɪd /
n.甲状腺；甲状软骨；甲状腺剂
adj.甲状腺的；盾状的
3.membrane
英/ ˈmembreɪn /美/ ˈmembreɪn /
n.（动植物的）膜；（可起防水、防风等作用的）膜状物
4.irritant
英/ ˈɪrɪtənt /美/ ˈɪrɪtənt /
adj.刺激的；刺激性的
n.[医] 刺激物，[医] 刺激剂
5.ingest
英/ ɪnˈdʒest /美/ ɪnˈdʒest /
vt.摄取；咽下；吸收；接待
6.esophagus
英/ ɪˈsɒfəɡəs /美/ ɪˈsɑːfəɡəs /
n.[解剖] 食管；[解剖] 食道
7.sphincter
英/ ˈsfɪŋktə(r) /美/ ˈsfɪŋktər /
n.[解剖] 括约肌
词组搭配
1.take a sip 尝一口；小啜；喝一小口
2.mucus layer 粘液层
写作句总结
原句：Although a slightly lower pH is no problem for your stomach lining, it could pose an issue for the lining of your esophagus because it is far more vulnerable to damage from acid.
结构：Although XX is no problem for XX, it could pose an issue for XX because XXX.
例句：Although eating junk food is no problem for some people, it could pose an issue for those with diabetes because it causes a spike in blood sugar levels.
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